關係代名詞的定義:
主要為連接詞與代名詞的功能。用來連接兩個句子，且兩個句子彼此之間要有關連。假設要連接下列兩句子 (1) I like the girl. (2) The girl has big eyes. 必須靠一個連接詞I like the girl, and she has big eyes.此為初階英文所學。若用關係代名詞則I like the girl who has big eyes. 由此可知關係代名詞具有連接詞和代名詞兩大功能。至於關係，也就是兩個句子中間必須有所關聯，也就是同一個人事物的意思。
關係子句：關係代名詞具有形容詞的功用，所以又稱為形容詞子句，可以用來補充說明先行詞與形容先行詞。
先行詞：關係代名詞前所形容的名詞
重點一：關係代名詞需依其先行詞而決定
關代主格、所有格、受格(人、事、物)整理表
|
先行詞 |
關係代名詞(當主詞用) |
關係代名詞(當受詞用) |
關係代名詞 |
|
人 |
who |
whom (可省略) |
whose |
|
物 |
which |
which (可省略) |
whose |
|
人+物 |
that |
that |
whose |
(1) 主格：關係子句缺乏主詞，且後接動詞主格例句：This is the man who bought the book for me. 這個男人買那本書給我。
(2) 所有格：後接名詞，且表與先行詞的所有格的關係
所有格例句：This is the doll whose eyes are big and round. 這個洋娃娃的眼睛又大又圓。
(3) 受格：關係子句已有主詞，即表不需主格關代，且是關係子句中動詞或介係詞的受詞
受格例句：This is the man whom I met last night. I met the man. 這是我昨晚遇見的那個男人。此句中的the man 是先行詞也是met的受詞。
關代主詞練習題
a. 句子中的動詞需依先行詞作變化 b.關代連接的句子視為形容詞子句
例句： I like the person. / The person has a good heart.
合併→ I like the person has a good heart.（因為關係子句缺少主詞，所以要用主格的關代）
結果→ I like the person who has a good heart. 亦可→ I like the person that has a good heart.
我吃的那顆蘋果來自日本。
I eat the apple which comes / is from Japan.
在這裡玩得Mary 與她的貓咪來自美國。
2. Mary and her cat that are playing here come from America.
Kelly 和Linda 有一個朋友是一隻狗。
3. Kelly and Linda have a friend who is a puppy.
她喜歡的那本書在桌子上。
4. She likes the book which is on the desk.
關係代名詞題目
1. I like people. / People are kind and friendly.（以關係代名詞who / that 合併）
I like the people who are kind and friendly. 我喜歡仁慈又友善的人們。
2. She likes the doll. / The doll is wearing a skirt.
She likes the doll which is wearing a skirt. 她喜歡的那個洋娃娃穿著一條裙子。
3. The cats are mine. / The cats have big eyes.
The cats which have big eyes are mine. 那隻有大眼睛的貓咪是我的。
4. The girl speaks English well. / The girl is standing over there.
The girl who is standing over there speaks English well.那個站在那裡的女孩英文說得很好。
關代必須使用that的情況如下:
|
規則 |
例句 |
|
1. 先行詞是人+物時 |
I know the man and his dog that are playing in the park. |
|
2 .先行詞有最高級時 |
This is the best novel that I have ever read |
|
3. 先行詞有序數時 |
She is the first woman that won the first prize. |
|
4. 前面已有wh疑問詞時 |
Where is the man that ate the pie? |
|
5.先行詞有 |
He is the same man that we met. |
關代一定要使用that的規則
絕對不可用關代that的狀況有：
注意:介詞或逗點之後不可使用that(關代前有逗號為非限定用法-為副詞子句或對等子句)
|
1 .先行詞前有介係詞時 |
This is the house which I live in. |
|
2. 先行詞前有逗號時 |
○ I know the man who / that came here yesterday. |
關代不可使用that的規則
關代文法練習題
( C )1.The keys ______ are on the table aren’t yours.(A) who (B) this (C) which (D) X
( D )2. Mom doesn’t like the man ________ wants to sell her picture book.(A) × (B) which (C) this (D) who
( B )3.The pizza _____ tasted delicious was made by Jojo.(A) who (B) that (C) whose (D) X
( B )4.We want to take the stray dog ________ has only three legs home with us.(A) who (B) that (C) what (D) with
( A )5.I lost the cellphone ________ my grandmother bought me as a birthday present.(A) which (B) who (C) it (D) X
( A ) 6.Do you remember the man______is called Bob Smith?(A) who (B) which (C) whose (D) X
( B )7.The monkey____ can ride a bike likes eating banana.(A) × (B) which (C) this (D) who
( D )8.The money ________ stolen was from my husband.(A) that (B) which (C) who is (D) that was
( B ) 9.The singer________is singing on TV is my friend. (A) that (B) which (C) × (D) where
( C )10. Mary wants a husband _____ tall and strong. Mary想要一個高壯的丈夫。 (A) that (B) which (C) who is (D) that are
( A )11.Is she the girl_____won first prize in the contest this year?(A) that (B) which (C) × (D) where
( C )12.The workers who _____ building the house are very hard-working.(A) is (B) are (C) was (D) X
( C )13.He wants to buy a house _______ a garden. 他想要買一個有花園的房子。(A) which is (B) which are (C) that with (D) that has
( B )14.The girl ______ long hair _____ my sister. 那個留長髮的女孩子是我妹妹。(A) that wear ; is (B)with; is (C) who wears; are (D) in; are
( B )15.The red dress which costs three thousand dollars _____ too expensive for me.(A) are (B) is (C) am (D) X
( A )16. The bike which Jerry broke yesterday _______to his sister.(A) belongs (B) belong (C) X (D) was belonged
( B )17.The boy and the cat ____ are dancing are good friends. (A) × (B) which (C) that (D) who
( B )18.Jane bought a computer _____ made in the USA.(A) which (B) which is (C) who (D) that are
( D )19. The children and dogs _____ are running over there are good friends.(A) who (B) which (C) X (D) that
( D )20.I am reading the letter ___ by Peter Lin.(A) who wrote (B) was written (C) was writing (D) which was written
( ) 21. I know the man _____ bought the house. (A) who (B) what (C) which (D) × A
( ) 22. Do you like the house _______ was bought by Peter? (A) that (B) × (C) who (D)whom A
( ) 23. God helps those ______ help themselves. (A) that (B) who (C) × (D) what B
( )2 4. There are a man and a dog _____ are walking along the street. (A) who (B) which (C) that (D) × C
( ) 25. Who is the girl _____ is sitting over there? (A) that (B) which (C) × (D) whom A
( ) 26. This is the most interesting storybook _____ I have ever had. (A) what (B) who (C) that (D) whom C
關係代名詞受詞
例句：I enjoyed the pizza. Dad bought the pizza last night.
合併：I enjoyed the pizza which Dad bought last night.
（因為關係子句已有主詞，故不需主格關代，且句中受詞the pizza沒出現，故需要受格關代）
結果：I enjoyed the pizza which Dad bought last night.
亦可：I enjoyed the pizza that Dad bought last night.
關係代名詞主格與受格的比較表
|
1.主格關代 |
可以用that替代 |
絕對不可省略 |
|
2.受格關代 |
可以用that |
受格關代可以省略， |
1. I know the man who / that bought the car.（○）
I know the man bought the car.（×）主格不可省略
2. I know the man whom / that / ×（省略） you talked about.（○）
I know the man about whom you talked.（○）介係詞可放前
I know the man about that you talked.（×）有介係詞不可替換
關代限定用法與非限定用法
關代限定用法
|
1. 表關係子句有限定及修飾先行詞的作用。 2. 關係子句前後不加「，」 3. 可用that 代替who / whom / which 4. 受格關代可省略 5. 因為限定，故指條件相同的不只一位 |
I need a man who can speak English. （我需要一位會說英語的人。） 擁有會說英語條件的人不只一位 |
非限定用法
|
1. 表關係子句僅作補述之用，不用來限定或修飾先行詞 2. 關係子句前後需加「，」 3. 不可用關代that 4. 受格關代不可省略 5. 因為補述，故僅指一個對象 |
Tony's sister, who lives in Tainan, is coming back. （湯尼的姊姊要回來了，她目前住在台南。） 湯尼的姊姊只有一位，她住在台南僅作補述之用 |
關係子句與分詞片語的替換(形容詞子句的省略)
形容詞子句→可簡化為形容詞片語或分詞片語。(條件：關係代名詞主詞)
省略步驟：1.省略兼做主詞的關代。2.動詞若是be動詞→省略be動詞。3.動詞若是一般動詞→將動詞改成現在分詞(V-ing)或過去分詞(p.p.)
（主動用現在分詞；被動用過去分詞）
The girl who is sitting next to the door is James.=The girl sitting next to the door is James. (坐在門旁的女孩是James)
I know the man who is standing over there. = I know the man standing over there.
I know the man who was bitten by my dog. = I know the man bitten by my dog.
關係代名詞所有格文法
所有格關代顧名思義就是與兩個句子間的關係是所有格關係，也就是誰的~
I like the white cat. Its name is Kiki.
這兩句中間的關係是白色貓咪，而前面那句與後面那句的有著所有格關係(貓咪的名字)。
因此便可使用關代所有格 I like the white cat whose name is Kiki.
例：Tom likes the girl. The girl's hair is long and straight.
→Tom likes the girl whose hair is long and straight.( Tom 喜歡的女孩的頭髮是又直又長)
I want to buy the book whose cover is a May day. (我想要買那本封面是五月天的書)
所有格關代後緊接一個名詞，後接動詞
關係子句與介系詞片語、分詞片語替換
（中文）那位穿著藍色T-shirt的女孩是我朋友。
（英文）The girl who wears a blue T-shirt is my friend.（關係子句寫法）
（英文）The girl in a blue T-shirt is my friend.（介系詞片語寫法）
（英文）The girl wearing a blue T-shirt is my friend.（分詞片語寫法）
因為「穿著」這個動作對先行詞「女孩」來說是主動，故可省略關係代名詞，將動詞改為現在分詞，關係子句轉換為「分詞片語」。
原句為The girl who is wearing a blue T-shirt is my friend. 那位正穿著藍色T-shirt的女孩是我朋友。
形容詞子句→簡化為不定詞片語
(此時的關代通常為介係詞的受詞)
先行詞....+關代+S+can..+V+介係詞
介係詞+關代+S+can+V
介係詞+關代+to VR
to +VR+介係詞
|
The poor old man has no money |
which he can buy food with. |
|
with which he can buy food. |
|
|
with which to buy food. |
|
|
to buy food. |
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