英文被動語態文法定義

當該主詞無法做出該行為時,使用被動,例如衣服無法做出洗的動作、蘋果無法做出吃的動作,必須使用被動語態,衣服被洗,蘋果被吃。

被動語態文法句型

Be+p.p.   Be→用來決定「時態」與「否定」→be+not  p.p(過去分詞)→表示該動作

/tmp/phpbAfXsd  

 1. 現在式被動: am/is/are +p.p.

主動語態: Kelly eats the apple. (Kelly吃了那顆蘋果)

被動語態: The apple is eaten by Kelly. (那顆蘋果被Kyle)

 

否定被動語態 : The apple isn't eaten by Kelly.

/tmp/phpEBPY4b  

2.過去式被動: was/were +p.p.

The dog bit me. (狗咬我)

I was bitten by the dog. (我被狗咬)

3.現在進行式被動

                          be+v-ing

                 +              be + p.p.


                       be +being +p.p.

主動: Tom is washing the car.

被動: The car is being washed by Tom. (車子正在被Tom )

4.過去進行式被動

 

was+were +being +p.p.

The floor was being cleaned by Tom at ten yesterday. (昨天10點時地板正被Tom清理)

5.現在完成式被動

                        have/has+p.p.

                   +                    be+p.p.


                         have/has +been +p.p.

His homework has been done. (他的功課已經做好了)

6.過去完成式被動: had been p.p.

The desk had been fixed when I arrived. (我到達時,桌子已經被修理好了)

 

7.未來式被動語態: will be p.p.

The car will be bought by Tom tomorrow. (明天車子將會被Tom買走)

8.情狀助動詞被動語態

shall→should  can→could  will→would must

全部加上be+p.p.  助動詞後使用原型動詞,因此be動詞需使用原型

The car should be fixed.(車子應該要被修理)

The cat can be found. (貓咪可以被找到)

The traffic rule must be followed. (交通規則被須被遵守)

9.被動省略by+

若該動作的行為人為大眾所不知,或不需要被提及之人如we.they.someone.people,則省略by+

People built Taipei 101 in 2004.

→ Taipei 101 was built in 2004.

 

10.改成疑問句的被動語態

Does Tom open the door?

→ Is the door opened by Tom?   do/does/did 刪除其餘依照直述句改法,最後將be動詞往前移改大寫

Can I eat the hot dog?

→ Can the hot dog be eaten by me?  有意義之助動詞需留下

11.疑問詞改被動

What should we do?

→ What should be done by us?

Who can mop the floor? 

→By whom can the floor be mopped?

12.祈使句的被動語態

肯定句主動: RV+....

肯定句被動: Let +受詞 + be +p.p.

否定句主動:Don't VR +...

否定句被動: Don't let +受詞+ be +p.p.

= Let +受詞+ not +be +p.p.

立刻把垃圾拿出去丟:

 

Take the grabage out at once.→Let the grabage be taken out at once.

別碰那個花瓶:

Don't touch the vase.→ Don't let the vase be touched. = Let the vase not be touched.

以下情況之動詞不可使用被動語態

不及物動詞或瞬間動詞無被動語態: 
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 
), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 
不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或瞬間動詞: 
>fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

連連綴動詞無被動語態: 
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

 

 

arrow
arrow

    阿莓莓KIKI 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣()