除了~之外文法 except except for 使用差別

except 與 except for 皆表示為除了…之外，只有…例外(不包括，排除在外)

except for的後面只能接名詞和名詞片語，可以放在句首。

except的後面既可以接名詞、名詞片語，也可以皆子句、介詞片語甚至動詞，只能放於句中。

在 all, any, every, no, none, anything, anybody, anyone, everything, everybody, everyone, nobody, nothing 等表示總括的不定代名詞之後，一般都用 except 而不用 except for。

 

My mother didn’t give me any money except for books.

(我母親沒有給我任何錢，除了買書以外。→買書會給錢)

money與book是不同類別的事物，因此使用except for

Everyone gets good grades except John.(每個人都獲得好成績除了John以外)

everyone與John 是同類，因此使用except

Except for the service, I enjoy everything about this restaurant. (置於句首)

除了服務以外，我覺得這家餐廳還不錯。

S + V. Besides, S + V.　　……此外……(包含在內)

(1)  besides為副詞，同義的片語：in addition。

(2)  besides也可作介系詞用，用法為besides + N, S + V或Besides V-ing, S + V。同義的片語：in addition to, apart from, aside from。

My mother can’t use the smartphone. Besides, it’s too hard for her to learn how to use it.

（我母親不會使用智慧型手機。此外，要學習使用手機對她而言太困難。）

If you want to get healthy, you have to exercise every day. Besides, you need to quit smoking.

=If you want to get healthy, you have to exercise every day in addition to quitting smoking.

 

（如果你想獲得健康，你必須要每天運動。此外，你還要戒菸。）

…, including…　　包含（部分）……在內的寫法

(1)S + V…, including + O.

(2)S + V…, O + included.

(3)S + V…, inclusive of + O.

including所接的受詞只是整體裡的一部分而已。

The bill is $700, including tax and service.

=The bill is $700, tax and service included.

=The bill is $700, inclusive of tax and service.

本帳單金額為七百元，含稅及服務費。

…, excluding …　　不包含……在內句型

(1)S + V…, excluding + O.

(2)S + V…, O + excluded.

(3)S + V…, exclusive of + O.

The bill is $700, excluding tax and service.

 =The bill is $700, tax and service excluded.

=The bill is $700, exclusive of tax and service.

本帳單金額為七百元，不含稅及服務費。

other than 除了…之外，只有…例外(不包括，排除在外)

other than 是一個片語，指「除了....之外」than 後面接名詞或名詞子句

Other than the terms above, we accept your offer.

 除了以上的條款外，我們接受你的提議。

 

Everyone went home other than me. = Everyone went home except me.

(除了我之外，每個人都回家了。)

She never discussed the matter with anyone other than Mary.

= Aside from Mary, she never discussed the matter with anyone.

= She never discussed the matter with anyone except Mary.

 

(除了瑪莉之外，她從不和任何人討論此事。)

There was no food other than an apple. 除了蘋果以外，再沒有其他食物。

=There was no food except an apple.

 

 

 

 

 

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