為了表現不同程度的性質，形容詞具有三級：原級、比較級、最高級
有些形容詞因為本身已經達到極限，故沒有比較級和最高級
例如absolute, excellent, living, dead, only…..
型式形容詞的原級、比較級、最高級
規則變化：短字+er / est more / most 長字
＊ 單音節的字在字尾加er及est
|
tall - taller - tallest long - longer -longest |
clean -cleaner - cleanest warm - warmer -warmest |
high - higher - highest dark - darker - darkest |
＊ 字尾有e時，只加r及st
|
nice - nicer - nicest close - closer -closest |
cute - cuter - cutest wide – wider -widest |
safe - safer – safest gentle –gentler -gentlest |
＊ 字尾為子音+y時，將y改為i再加er及est
|
happy –happier-happiest pretty-prettier-prettiest |
dirty-dirtier-dirtiest heavy-heavier-heaviest |
noisy-noisier-noisiest easy-easier-easiest |
注意：母音+y時，直接加er及est。Ex. gray-grayer-grayest
＊ 短母音+子音，重複子音再加er及est
big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest sad-sadder-saddest fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnest glad-gladder-gladdest red-redder-reddest
＊ more / most 長字
(三音節以上的字及大多數二音節字，特別由 –ful, -less, -able, ive, ing 結尾的字)
beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
active – more active – most active
interesting – more interesting – most interesting
注意：happy(二音節)-happier à unhappy(三音節)-unhappier
＊ 有些形容詞可以加er及est或前面加上more / most來形成比較級和最高級
polite – politer 或 more polite – politest 或 most polite
其他如：quiet , handsome , common , pleasant
不規則變化：
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good / well |
better |
best |
|
|
bad |
worse |
worst |
|
|
many / much |
more |
most |
|
|
＊old |
older elder |
oldest eldest |
年齡的比較、事物的新舊 長幼順序 |
|
＊late |
later較晚的 latter稍後的 |
latest最新近的 last 最後的 |
時間的先後 順序的先後 |
|
＊far |
farther更遠 further更進一步；更遠 |
farthest furthest |
表示距離 表示程度或距離 |
|
little |
less littler |
least littlest |
關於量，much的相反 表示大小，等於small |
＊My elder brother is three years older than your younger sister.
His eldest son is the oldest student in our school.
My sweater is older than yours.
哥哥姊姊 elder brother/sister = older brother/sister
＊She came later than usual. (她比平常晚到。)
The Internet will give you the latest news.(網路會提供你最新的消息。)
He will be free in the latter part of the week.(他本週的下半周有空。)
His latest book may be his last book.(他最近出的書可能是他最後的書了。)
＊Kaohsiung is farther(further) from Taipei than Keelung.(從台北到高雄比到基隆遠。)
The farthest(furthest) planet from the earth is Pluto.(離地球最遠的行星是冥王星。)
I have nothing further to say on the subject.(對於這個主題我沒有什麼要講的了。)
Have you any further need of me?(你還有要我幫忙的嗎？)
＊ 很少 few – fewer – fewest + 可數名詞
little – less – least + 不可數名詞
兩人(物)相比產生的結果
(1) 相同
Jack is as tall as David.
Jack is as handsome as David.
Jack has as much money as David.
(2) 超過—優勢比較
Jack is taller than David.
Jack is more handsome than David.
Jack has more money than David.
(3) 不足—劣勢比較 (不論長短字，一律用less)
Jack is less tall than David.
Jack is less handsome than David.
Jack has less money than David.
比較級的使用時機
(1) …. +比較級 + than ….
The small box is heavier than the big box.
Mr. Wang is thinner than Mr. Lin.
A computer is more expensive than a bicycle.
＊than + 主格或受格
You are taller than I. = You are taller than me.
You are taller than I am. (此處不得用受格)
I like you better than he (likes you). 與主格比較
I like you better than (I like) him. 與受格比較
＊比較的對象要合理而且不能與自己相比較
(X) Your pencil is longer than I / me. 人與物比較
(O) Your pencil is longer than mine.(=my pencil.)
(X) Taipei is bigger than all the cities in Taiwan.所有城市包含Taipei
(X) Taipei is bigger than any city in Taiwan.任何城市包含Taipei
(O) Taipei is bigger than all the other cities in Taiwan. 所有/任何其他城市
(O) Taipei is bigger than any other city in Taiwan. 則不包含Taipei
(O) New York is bigger than all the cities/ any city in Taiwan. New York 不在台灣
注意：all the other 複數 / any other 單數
記法: any (任一個)+單數 all (全部-三者或三者以上) +複數
相同比較對象需排除自己加other
不同比較對象不需排除自己 不加other
(2) Who / Which + be +比較級 , A or B ?
Who is taller, Tom or John?
Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?
(3) ~ + be + the 比較級 + of the two. (兩個之中比較…的那一個，~包含在兩個之中)
Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.
This jacket is the more expensive of the two.
= This jacket is more expensive than the other one.
(4) very + 原級 ; much / a lot / even / far/a little + 比較級
Tom is much taller than Jack. (Tom比Jack高多了。)
A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle.
(5) 比較級 and 比較級
(越來越~~) ~er and ~er / more and more ~
In summer, the days become longer and longer.
We have more and more tests at school now.
She likes eating fast food and is growing fatter and fatter.
English becomes more and more important in our daily life.
There will be less and less pollution if everyone helps to save our earth.
After a typhoon, the vegetables become more and more expensive.
(越來越不~~)less and less ~
As we grow up, we will become less and less happy.
He became less and less careful on his work and finally was fired.
(6) The 比較級 , the 比較級. ( 越~~越~~)
The more, the better.(越多越好。)
The more he reads, the less the understands.(他越讀越不明白。)
The older we grow, the poor our memory will become.(年紀越大，記憶力越差。)
否定句
＊Jack is not as tall as Tom. --Tom is taller than Jack. = Jack is shorter than Tom.
Jack不像Tom那麼高。--Tom比Jack高。
I don’t have as many books as you. --You have more books than I.
= I have fewer books than you.
This car isn’t as expensive as that one. --That car is more expensive than this one.
= This car is cheaper than that one.
＊Jack is not taller than Tom. 不完全等於 Jack is shorter than Tom.
Jack並沒有比Tom高。-- 可能比Tom矮，也可能和Tom一樣高。
I didn’t come earlier than you. We may come here at the same time.
I don’t have more pens than you. Maybe I have as many pens as you.
最高級的使用時機: the / 所有格 + 最高級
(1) 在一個範圍或團體中 in ~
The elephant is the biggest animal in the zoo.
Helen is the most active student in my class.
(2) Who / Which + be +最高級 , A, B, or C ?
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David?
Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car?
(3) ~ + be + the 最高級 + of the three / of all. (三個以上或全部之中)
Of the three / of all , ~ + be + the 最高級
Tom is the tallest of the three boys. = Tom is taller than the other two boys.
This one is the most expensive of all the cars in the store.
Of all the girls in my class, Helen is the most active.
Of all my friends, Tom is the most important one to me.
(4) ~ + be + one of the +最高級 +複數名詞
Love River is one of the most beautiful rivers in Taiwan.
Mark is one of the best students in my class.
(5) ~ + be + the 最高級 ~ that 某人 have/ has ever p.p.
This is the longest train that I have ever seen. (這是我見過最長的火車。)
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.( 這是我看過有趣的書。)
原級、比較級、最高級互換
＊Taipei is the biggest city in Taiwan.
= Taipei is bigger than any other city in Taiwan.
= Taipei is bigger than all the other cities in Taiwan.
= No other city in Taiwan is as big as Taipei.
= No other cities in Taiwan are as big as Taipei.
＊Time is the most important of all things.
= Time is more important than any other thing.
= Nothing is more important than time.
= Nothing is so important as time.
John is taller than any other student in his class.
=John is taller than every other student in his class.
= John is taller than all the other students in his class.
=John is taller than anyone else in his class.
=John is taller than everyone else in his class.
2018/12/13
修飾比較級的字與修飾原級的字
修飾原級形容詞: very so quite pretty
修飾比較級形容詞 much / a lot /a little/ even/ far/still
I am a little heavier than Helen. 我比Helen胖一點
2020.0923 更新
比較級的文法中，除了使用比較級的形容詞加上than以外，還能使用下列的單字來表示比較級。但其後接的是to 對象，且to為介係詞，後加受格。
與比較級than後加主詞不同。
Cindy is older than I (am).
Cindy ran faster than I (did).
Cindy is senior to me.
be senior to = be older than（地位高的、年長的、高級的）
be junior to = be younger than（年少的；後進的；下級的）,
be superior to = be better than（優於；地位高的；上層的；上好的；出眾的）
be inferior to = be worse than (劣於；較低的；次等的；不如的；下級的）,
be prior to = be earlier than（早於；優先的；在前的；更重要的）
be posterior to = be later than（晚於；後面的、後部的、隨後的）,
be anterior to （前面的；前部的；較早的）,
Interactive Response System is superior to paper tests.
PS.此資料取自網路，因忘記出處，所以未註明，版權方可以來信告知或回覆。
已修改網路資料文法錯誤部分
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not so much...as... 與其說是……倒不如說是……
英文教學遊戲
連綴動詞 seem appear keep stay remain
used to VR /be used to V-ing / be used to
關係先行詞是 one of + 複數名詞 who/which 複數動詞
too to /so that /such that/enough to 文法
感官動詞 look at /watch/see/ hear/ listen to/feel/notice/smell
high/highly/hard/hardly/late/lately 差別
How to compliment on somebody's clothes? 如何用英文稱讚別人的衣著
Own 的使用方式 of one's own /on one's own
deal 相關片語 deal with/ No big deal
Go to church VS. Go to the church 有the沒the 大不同
work in /work for /work out /work at
someday one day the order day some other day 用法
連綴動詞 become/turn/ get/ come/fall/go/grow
國中文法練習題 間接問句 too~to so~that 介係詞片語
Wh問句與BE動詞問句(1) What time how often how long how far how soon
To VR 不定詞&V-ing 動名詞文法(2018.10.12更新)
詢問如何前往某地文法 How did you get to school yesterday?
雙字片語可分式片語與不可分式片語總整理(2017.3.15更新)
頻率副詞的用法 always usually often sometimes seldom never
天氣詢問法 What's the weather like? How's the weather?
very , much , very much , only 副詞的用法
neither...nor& either..or...¬ only...but(also)...
數量詞的用法many much a few a little some any
How would you like your steak? 牛排幾分熟?
間接問句(whether&if)Yes or No 疑問句改間接問句 講義
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