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※ 被動語態 Passive Voice

定義：

◎    該行為者無法做出該動作就要使用被動，如食物被吃、衣服被穿、照片被拍.....

◎    被動的基本結構是 be動詞+PP

注意：be動詞是助動詞， 主要動詞的詞彙意義在「過去分詞pp」。

     被動語態的BE動詞決定時態

中例：「小狗咬我」是主動的語法；「我被小狗咬」則是被動的語法。

英例：The dog bit me. （為主動語態 active voice）

           I was bitten by the dog. （為被動語態 passive voice）

Practice I：改成被動句

1. 1.    Miss Lin teaches English. ____________________________________________________________

2.He doesn't like me.  _______________________________________________________________

3.Peter cleans his room every day. ______________________________________________________________________

4.They don't speak English.  ________________________________________________________________

5. Do you watch TV every night? ______________________________________________________________________

重點二：過去式被動句         主詞＋was / were＋p.p.＋by＋受詞

否定時                    主詞＋was / were＋not＋p.p.＋by＋受詞

Practice 2：改成被動句

1. Miss Lin taught English.  ____________________________________________________

2. He didn't like me.  _________________________________________________________

Practice 3：改成被動句

1. Mom is cooking dinner. ______________________________________________________________________

2. Peter was cleaning the room. ______________________________________________________________________

3. You are not doing your homework. _______________________________________________________________________

4. He was not riding a bicycle. _______________________________________________________________________

注意：do / does / did只用來表達原句動詞的否定或疑問，故改被動時不必出現

例如：I didn't love you. 改成被動則為 You were not loved by me.

Practice 4：改成被動句

1. Kevin won't close the windows. ______________________________________

2. You should collect those bottles. _____________________________________

3. People must do something good. _____________________________________

4. They can't build the houses. __________________________________________

5. We don't grow rice. ___________________________________________________

Practice I：改成被動句

1. People can eat the apples. _____________________________________________

2. They made those shoes in Taiwan. _____________________________________

3. Everyone must follow the traffic rules. ___________________________________

Practice I：改成被動句

1. When did you finish the paper? _________________________________________

2. Where can people grow rice? _________________________________________

重點九  感官動詞或使役動詞的被動語態 

句型:A +be +let/made/had+to +VR    (A被要求做某事)

         A+be+looked at/seen/watched/listened to/heard/felt/noticed +to Rv 

        (A被看到做某事)

主動：Mom made Susan wash the dishes this evening.

被動：Susan was made to wash the dishes this evening.

說明：感官動詞（see、hear、feel）或使役動詞在主動句中受詞補語是「原形動詞」，而在被動句中，原來的受詞補語要改成「to-V」形式。

(1)原形動詞 (強調事實)

主動：I heard(過去式)  the bird sing in the tree.  (和使役動詞用法相同)

被動：The bird was heard(P.P) to sing in the tree (by me).

(2)Ving (強調看/聽/注意到某事進行的過程)

主動：I heard the bird singing in the tree.

被動：The bird was heard(P.P) singing in the tree (by me).

重點十  授與動詞（如give、send、tell、teach、ask）的被動語態 
 主動: Tom gave Mary a comic book.  (人→物)

被動：Mary was given a comic book by Tom.     B+be+pp+物+by+A

說明：主動句中的間接受詞（Mary）當被動式中的主詞時，不需介係詞。

主動 : Tom gave a book to Mary.  (物→人)

被動：A comic book was given to Mary by Tom.  物+be+p.p.+to /for B+by+A

說明：主動句中的直接受詞（a comic book）當被動式中的主詞時，需介係詞。

主動：Nancy bought Jack pearl milk tea.  

            Nancy bought pearl milk tea for Jack.
被動：Pearl milk tea was bought for Jack by Nancy.
＝＞主動句中的直接受詞（pearl milk tea）當被動式中的主詞時，需介係詞。
【誤】Jack was bought pearl milk tea by Nancy.＝＞語意上，Jack不會被買。

(5）含助動詞的被動語態
說明：may have pp指對過去可能的推測。
例如：The machine should have been used by engineers only. 
說明：should have pp指過去原本該做而沒做。
例如：Students have to do the homework by themselves.

The homework has to be done by students themselves. 

（6）「連綴動詞」沒有被動

（如look、taste、happen、cost、look、feel、smell、become）

另外cost（花費）、take（花費）、have（有）等動詞也沒有被動式。
(7 )  need的主詞為物時，以現在分詞表被動。
例如：The dishes need washing.＝＞The dishes need to be washed.

綜合練習：

Part A：選擇題

(          ) 1. The hamburgers _________ by us.

           (A) were eating (B) were eating (C) were eaten (D) Ate

(          ) 2. The report has __________ by him.

          (A) written (B) being writing   (C) being written (D) been written (          ) 3. We can ______ the housework by ourselves.

          (A) done  (B) being done  (C) do  (D) be done

(          ) 4. English can ___________ in these schools.

               (A) is tautght   (B) be taught   (C) taught    (D) be teaching

(          ) 5. She ____ the eggs in the box last night.

                 The eggs ______ by her last night.

              (A) puts, are put         (B) put, are put 

              (C) put, were putting  (D) put, were put

(          ) 6. Many people ________ in the car accident.

              (A) killed (B) were killing (C) were killed (D) kill

(          ) 7. The bad man ______ his enemy with a knife.

              (A) killed (B) were killing (C) were killed (D) kill

(         ) 8. Jack was so happy. He was ___________ his good grades on the

               tests.

              (A)surprised by (B) surprising to (C) surprised (D) surprised at

(          ) 9. My brother is _________ the picture now.

              (A) painting (B) painted (C) been painted (D) being painted

(          ) 10. The picture is _________ by my brother now.

              (A) painting (B) painted (C) been painted (D) being painted

Part B：被動語態語主動語態互改

 1. Computers are made in China.

2.. People know Harry Potter.

3. They have never seen elephants before.

Part C：以被動語態翻譯下列句子

1. 很多人使用手機。

2. 爸爸告訴那些孩子要拖地。

3. 那座橋自1975 年就蓋好了。

4. 這家麵包店將在一星期後開幕。