英文文法被動時態 @ 莓喵英文Fun

※ 被動語態 Passive Voice

定義：

◎ 該行為者無法做出該動作就要使用被動，如食物被吃、衣服被穿、照片被拍.....

◎ 被動的基本結構是 be動詞+PP

注意：be動詞是助動詞，主要動詞的詞彙意義在「過去分詞pp」。

被動語態的BE動詞決定時態

中例：「小狗咬我」是主動的語法；「我被小狗咬」則是被動的語法。

英例：The dog bit me. （為主動語態 active voice）

I was bitten by the dog. （為被動語態 passive voice）

步驟		句型變化及例句
① 「接受動作者」當主詞		主詞＋動詞＋受詞. Hank hit the girl. The girl was hit by Hank. 主詞＋ be 動詞＋過去分詞＋by＋受詞.
② 動詞改為「be 動詞＋過去分詞（p.p.）」
③ 加入「by＋執行動作者」
時態	被動式
現在式	主詞+am/is/are+過去分詞+(by+受詞)
過去式	主詞+was/were+過去分詞+(by+受詞)
未來式	主詞+will be+過去分詞+(by+受詞)
現在進行式	主詞+am/is/are being +過去分詞+(by+受詞)
現在完成式	主詞+has/have been+過去分詞+(by+受詞)
含should、can、must 等助動詞	主詞+should/can/must be+過去分詞+(by+受詞)

Practice I：改成被動句

1. Miss Lin teaches English. ____________________________________________________________

2.He doesn't like me. _______________________________________________________________

3.Peter cleans his room every day. ______________________________________________________________________

4.They don't speak English. ________________________________________________________________

5. Do you watch TV every night? ______________________________________________________________________

重點二：過去式被動句主詞＋was / were＋p.p.＋by＋受詞

否定時主詞＋was / were＋not＋p.p.＋by＋受詞

Practice 2：改成被動句

1. Miss Lin taught English. ____________________________________________________

2. He didn't like me. _________________________________________________________

Practice 3：改成被動句

1. Mom is cooking dinner. ______________________________________________________________________

2. Peter was cleaning the room. ______________________________________________________________________

3. You are not doing your homework. _______________________________________________________________________

4. He was not riding a bicycle. _______________________________________________________________________

do / does / did只用來表達原句動詞的否定或疑問，故改被動時不必出現

例如：I didn't love you. 改成被動則為 You were not loved by me.

Practice 4：改成被動句

1. Kevin won't close the windows. ______________________________________

2. You should collect those bottles. _____________________________________

3. People must do something good. _____________________________________

4. They can't build the houses. __________________________________________

5. We don't grow rice. ___________________________________________________

Practice I：改成被動句

1. People can eat the apples. _____________________________________________

2. They made those shoes in Taiwan. _____________________________________

3. Everyone must follow the traffic rules. ___________________________________

Practice I：改成被動句

1. When did you finish the paper? _________________________________________

2. Where can people grow rice? _________________________________________

重點九感官動詞或使役動詞的被動語態

句型:A +be +let/made/had+to +VR (A被要求做某事)

A+be+looked at/seen/watched/listened to/heard/felt/noticed +to Rv

(A被看到做某事)

主動：Mom made Susan wash the dishes this evening.

被動：Susan was made to wash the dishes this evening.

說明：感官動詞（see、hear、feel）或使役動詞在主動句中受詞補語是「原形動詞」，而在被動句中，原來的受詞補語要改成「to-V」形式。

(1)原形動詞 (強調事實)

主動：I heard(過去式) the bird sing in the tree. (和使役動詞用法相同)

被動：The bird was heard(P.P) to sing in the tree (by me).

(2)Ving (強調看/聽/注意到某事進行的過程)

主動：I heard the bird singing in the tree.

被動：The bird was heard(P.P) singing in the tree (by me).

重點十授與動詞（如give、send、tell、teach、ask）的被動語態
主動: Tom gave Mary a comic book. (人→物)

被動：Mary was given a comic book by Tom. B+be+pp+物+by+A

說明：主動句中的間接受詞（Mary）當被動式中的主詞時，不需介係詞。

主動 : Tom gave a book to Mary. (物→人)

被動：A comic book was given to Mary by Tom. 物+be+p.p.+to /for B+by+A

說明：主動句中的直接受詞（a comic book）當被動式中的主詞時，需介係詞。

主動：Nancy bought Jack pearl milk tea.

Nancy bought pearl milk tea for Jack.
被動：Pearl milk tea was bought for Jack by Nancy.
＝＞主動句中的直接受詞（pearl milk tea）當被動式中的主詞時，需介係詞。
【誤】Jack was bought pearl milk tea by Nancy.＝＞語意上，Jack不會被買。

(5）含助動詞的被動語態
說明：may have pp指對過去可能的推測。
例如：The machine should have been used by engineers only.
說明：should have pp指過去原本該做而沒做。
例如：Students have to do the homework by themselves.