前言:若連接下列兩句子 (1) I like the girl. (2) The girl has big eyes.
必須靠一個連接詞I like the girl, and she has big eyes.
若用關係代名詞則I like the girl who has big eyes
由此可知關係代名詞具有連接詞和代名詞兩大功能
至於關係,也就是兩個句子中間必須有所關聯,也就是同一個人事物的意思
關係子句:關係代名詞具有形容詞的功用,所以又稱為形容詞子句,可以用來補充說明先行詞與形容先行詞。
先行詞:關係代名詞前所形容的名詞
重點一:關係代名詞需依其先行詞而決定
先行詞 |
關係代名詞(當主詞用) |
關係代名詞(當受詞用) |
關係代名詞 (當所有格用) |
人 |
who (亦可使用that) |
whom (可省略) (亦可使用that、who) |
whose |
物 |
which (亦可使用that) |
which (可省略) 亦可使用that |
whose of which |
人+物 |
that |
that |
whose |
(1) 主格:關係子句缺乏 ______________,且後接 __________
主格例句:This is the man who bought the book for me.
(2) 所有格:後接_____________,且表與先行詞的所有格的關係
所有格例句:This is the doll whose eyes are big and round.
(3) 受格:關係子句已有_______________,即表不需主格關代,且是關係子句中動詞或介係詞的_________
受格例句:This is the man whom I met last night.
Practice I:關係代名詞當主詞用
- a. 句子中的動詞需依先行詞作變化 b.關代連接的句子視為形容詞子句
例句: I like the person. / The person has a good heart.
合併→ I like the person has a good heart.(因為關係子句缺少主詞,所以要用主格的關代)
結果→ I like the person who has a good heart. 亦可→ I like the person that has a good heart.
EX1. I eat the apples____________ from Japan. 2. Mary and her dog ________ playing here come from America.
3. Kelly and Linda have a friend who _______ the puppy. 4. She likes the book ________ is on the desk.
重點二:二個句子若有「因果」、「時間先後」、「身份、特質或動作」等關係時,需照下表三大原則合併;若無,則可任意合併:
原則 |
關係子句 |
主要子句 |
因果 |
因 |
果 |
時間先後 |
先 |
後 |
身份特質或動作 |
動作 |
身份特質 |
1. I like people. / People are kind and friendly.(以關係代名詞who / that 合併)
I like the people are kind and friendly.
2. She likes the doll. / The doll is wearing a skirt.
She likes the doll which is wearing a skirt.
3. The cats are mine. / The cats have big eyes.
The cats which have big eyes are mine.
4. The girl speaks English well. / The girl is standing over there.
The girl is standing over there speaks English well.
關係代名詞必須使用that的情況如下
1 先行詞是人+物時 |
Look at the man and his dog that are playing there. |
2 先行詞有最高級時 |
Here is the best novel that I have ever read. |
3 先行詞有序數時 |
She is the first woman that won the game. |
4 前面已有wh疑問詞時 |
Where is the man that bought the ticket? |
5先行詞有; the same(相同) the very(正是) the only(唯一) no / any / all / every 等字 |
He is the same man that we met. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. Here is the only pen that I have. Any man that listens to him is a fool. |
重點三:絕對不可用關代 that的狀況有:
注意:介詞或逗點之後不可使用that(關代前有逗號為非限定用法-為副詞子句或對等子句)
1 先行詞前有介係詞時
|
Here is the house which I live in. =Here is the house that I live in.(that 代替which) =Here is the house in which I live.(in 可放前面) × Here is the house in that I live.(in 在前不用that) |
2 先行詞前有逗號時
|
○ I know the man who / that came here yesterday. × I know John, that came here yesterday |
( ) 1. I know the man _____ bought the house. A
(A) who (B) what (C) which (D) ×
( ) 2. Do you like the house _______ was bought by Peter? A
(A) that (B) whom (C) who (D) ×
( ) 3. God helps those ______ help themselves. B
(A) that (B) who (C) × (D) what
( ) 4. There are a man and a dog _____ are walking along the street.C
(A) who (B) which (C) that (D) ×
( ) 5. Who is the girl _____ is sitting over there? A
(A) that (B) which (C) × (D) whom
( ) 6. This is the most interesting storybook _____ I have ever had.C
(A) what (B) who (C) that (D) whom
重點四:關係代名詞當受詞用
例句:I enjoyed the pizza. Dad bought the pizza last night.
合併:I enjoyed the pizza which Dad bought last night.
(因為關係子句已有主詞,故不需主格關代,且句中受詞the pizza沒出現,故需要受格關代)
結果:I enjoyed the pizza which Dad bought last night.
亦可:I enjoyed the pizza that Dad bought last night.
重點五:主格與受格的差異
1 主格關代
|
可以用that替代 |
絕對不可省略 |
2 受格關代 |
可以用that |
或主格關代替代可以省略,但前有介係詞或逗號時則不可省略亦不可替代! |
例句
|
1. I know the man who / that bought the car.(○) I know the man bought the car.(×)主格不可省略 2. I know the man whom / that / ×(省略) you talked about.(○) I know the man about whom you talked.(○)介係詞可放前 I know the man about that you talked.(×)有介係詞不可替換 |
重點六:限定用法與非限定用法
限定用法 |
|
1. 表關係子句有限定及修飾先行詞的作用 2. 關係子句前後不加「,」 3. 可用that 代替who / whom / which 4. 受格關代可省略 5. 因為限定,故指條件相同的不只一位 |
I need a man who can speak English. (我需要一位會說英語的人。) 說明:擁有會說英語條件的人不只一位
|
非限定用法 |
|
1. 表關係子句僅作補述之用,不用來限定或修飾先行詞 2. 關係子句前後需加「,」 3. 不可用關代that 4. 受格關代不可省略 5. 因為補述,故僅指一個對象 |
Tony's sister, who lives in Tainan, is coming back. (湯尼的姊姊要回來了,她目前住在台南。) 說明:湯尼的姊姊只有一位,她住在台南僅作補述之用 |
補充:關係子句與分詞片語的替換(主動用現在分詞;被動用過去分詞)
例句:I know the man who is standing over there. = I know the man standing over there.
例句:I know the man who was bitten by my dog. = I know the man bitten by my dog.
資料來自康軒文教
所有格關代顧名思義就是與兩個句子間的關係是所有格關係,也就是誰的~
例: My father has a car. The color of the car are red.
這兩句中間的關係就是車子,而前面那句與後面那句的車子有著所有關係
因此便可使用關代所有格 My father has a car whose color are red.
演變過程為 My father has a car the color of which are red.
My father has a car of which the color are red.
My father has a car whose color are red.
例2: Tom likes the girl whose hair is long and straight. ( Tom 喜歡的女孩的頭髮是又直又長)
I want to buy the book whose cover is a May day. (我想要買那本封面是五月天的書)
所有格關代後緊接一個名詞,後接動詞
關係子句與介系詞片語、分詞片語替換
(中文)那位穿著藍色T-shirt的女孩是我朋友。
(英文)The girl who wears a blue T-shirt is my friend.(關係子句寫法)
(英文)The girl in a blue T-shirt is my friend.(介系詞片語寫法)
(英文)The girl wearing a blue T-shirt is my friend.(分詞片語寫法)
à因為「穿著」這個動作對先行詞「女孩」來說是主動,故可省略關係代名詞,將動詞改為現在分詞,關係子句轉換為「分詞片語」。
原句為The girl who is wearing a blue T-shirt is my friend. 那位正穿著藍色T-shirt的女孩是我朋友
關係先行詞是 one of + 複數名詞 who/which 複數動詞
複合關係代名詞what 關係副詞 when where 分詞片語ving&p.p.
not so much...as... 與其說是……倒不如說是……
英文教學遊戲
連綴動詞 seem appear keep stay remain
used to VR /be used to V-ing / be used to
關係先行詞是 one of + 複數名詞 who/which 複數動詞
too to /so that /such that/enough to 文法
感官動詞 look at /watch/see/ hear/ listen to/feel/notice/smell
high/highly/hard/hardly/late/lately 差別
How to compliment on somebody's clothes? 如何用英文稱讚別人的衣著
Own 的使用方式 of one's own /on one's own
deal 相關片語 deal with/ No big deal
Go to church VS. Go to the church 有the沒the 大不同
work in /work for /work out /work at
someday one day the order day some other day 用法
連綴動詞 become/turn/ get/ come/fall/go/grow
國中文法練習題 間接問句 too~to so~that 介係詞片語
Wh問句與BE動詞問句(1) What time how often how long how far how soon
To VR 不定詞&V-ing 動名詞文法(2018.10.12更新)
詢問如何前往某地文法 How did you get to school yesterday?
雙字片語可分式片語與不可分式片語總整理(2017.3.15更新)
頻率副詞的用法 always usually often sometimes seldom never
天氣詢問法 What's the weather like? How's the weather?
very , much , very much , only 副詞的用法
neither...nor& either..or...¬ only...but(also)...
數量詞的用法many much a few a little some any
How would you like your steak? 牛排幾分熟?
間接問句(whether&if)Yes or No 疑問句改間接問句 講義