前言：若連接下列兩句子 (1) I like the girl. (2) The girl has big eyes.
必須靠一個連接詞I like the girl, and she has big eyes.
若用關係代名詞則I like the girl who has big eyes
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由此可知關係代名詞具有連接詞和代名詞兩大功能
至於關係，也就是兩個句子中間必須有所關聯，也就是同一個人事物的意思
關係子句：關係代名詞具有形容詞的功用，所以又稱為形容詞子句，可以用來補充說明先行詞與形容先行詞。
先行詞：關係代名詞前所形容的名詞
重點一：關係代名詞需依其先行詞而決定
|
先行詞 |
關係代名詞(當主詞用) |
關係代名詞(當受詞用) |
關係代名詞 (當所有格用) |
|
人 |
who (亦可使用that) |
whom (可省略) (亦可使用that、who) |
whose |
|
物 |
which (亦可使用that) |
which (可省略) 亦可使用that |
whose of which |
|
人+物 |
that |
that |
whose |
(1) 主格：關係子句缺乏 ______________，且後接 __________
主格例句：This is the man who bought the book for me.
(2) 所有格：後接_____________，且表與先行詞的所有格的關係
所有格例句：This is the doll whose eyes are big and round.
(3) 受格：關係子句已有_______________，即表不需主格關代，且是關係子句中動詞或介係詞的_________
受格例句：This is the man whom I met last night.
Practice I：關係代名詞當主詞用
- a. 句子中的動詞需依先行詞作變化 b.關代連接的句子視為形容詞子句
例句： I like the person. / The person has a good heart.
合併→ I like the person has a good heart.（因為關係子句缺少主詞，所以要用主格的關代）
結果→ I like the person who has a good heart. 亦可→ I like the person that has a good heart.
EX1. I eat the apples____________ from Japan. 2. Mary and her dog ________ playing here come from America.
3. Kelly and Linda have a friend who _______ the puppy. 4. She likes the book ________ is on the desk.
重點二：二個句子若有「因果」、「時間先後」、「身份、特質或動作」等關係時，需照下表三大原則合併；若無，則可任意合併：
|
原則 |
關係子句 |
主要子句 |
|
因果 |
因 |
果 |
|
時間先後 |
先 |
後 |
|
身份特質或動作 |
動作 |
身份特質 |
- 1. I like people. / People are kind and friendly.（以關係代名詞who / that 合併）
I like the people are kind and friendly.
- 2. She likes the doll. / The doll is wearing a skirt.
She likes the doll which is wearing a skirt.
- 3. The cats are mine. / The cats have big eyes.
The cats which have big eyes are mine.
- 5. The girl speaks English well. / The girl is standing over there.
The girl is standing over there speaks English well.
關係代名詞必須使用that的情況如下
|
1 先行詞是人+物時 |
Look at the man and his dog that are playing there. |
|
2 先行詞有最高級時 |
Here is the best novel that I have ever read. |
|
3 先行詞有序數時 |
She is the first woman that won the game. |
|
4 前面已有wh疑問詞時 |
Where is the man that bought the ticket? |
|
5先行詞有； the same（相同） the very（正是） the only（唯一） no / any / all / every 等字 |
He is the same man that we met. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. Here is the only pen that I have. Any man that listens to him is a fool. |
重點三：絕對不可用關代 that的狀況有：
注意:介詞或逗點之後不可使用that(關代前有逗號為非限定用法-為副詞子句或對等子句)
|
1 先行詞前有介係詞時
|
Here is the house which I live in. =Here is the house that I live in.（that 代替which） =Here is the house in which I live.（in 可放前面） × Here is the house in that I live.（in 在前不用that） |
|
2 先行詞前有逗號時
|
○ I know the man who / that came here yesterday. × I know John, that came here yesterday |
( ) 1. I know the man _____ bought the house. A
(A) who (B) what (C) which (D) ×
( ) 2. Do you like the house _______ was bought by Peter? A
(A) that (B) whom (C) who (D) ×
( ) 3. God helps those ______ help themselves. B
(A) that (B) who (C) × (D) what
( ) 4. There are a man and a dog _____ are walking along the street.C
(A) who (B) which (C) that (D) ×
( ) 5. Who is the girl _____ is sitting over there? A
(A) that (B) which (C) × (D) whom
( ) 6. This is the most interesting storybook _____ I have ever had.C
(A) what (B) who (C) that (D) whom
重點四:關係代名詞當受詞用
例句：I enjoyed the pizza. Dad bought the pizza last night.
合併：I enjoyed the pizza which Dad bought last night.
（因為關係子句已有主詞，故不需主格關代，且句中受詞the pizza沒出現，故需要受格關代）
結果：I enjoyed the pizza which Dad bought last night.
亦可：I enjoyed the pizza that Dad bought last night.
重點五：主格與受格的差異
|
1 主格關代
|
可以用that替代 |
絕對不可省略 |
|
2 受格關代 |
可以用that |
或主格關代替代可以省略，但前有介係詞或逗號時則不可省略亦不可替代！ |
|
例句
|
1. I know the man who / that bought the car.（○） I know the man bought the car.（×）主格不可省略 2. I know the man whom / that / ×（省略） you talked about.（○） I know the man about whom you talked.（○）介係詞可放前 I know the man about that you talked.（×）有介係詞不可替換 |
|
重點六：限定用法與非限定用法
|
限定用法 |
|
|
1. 表關係子句有限定及修飾先行詞的作用 2. 關係子句前後不加「，」 3. 可用that 代替who / whom / which 4. 受格關代可省略 5. 因為限定，故指條件相同的不只一位 |
I need a man who can speak English. （我需要一位會說英語的人。） 說明：擁有會說英語條件的人不只一位
|
|
非限定用法 |
|
|
1. 表關係子句僅作補述之用，不用來限定或修飾先行詞 2. 關係子句前後需加「，」 3. 不可用關代that 4. 受格關代不可省略 5. 因為補述，故僅指一個對象 |
Tony's sister, who lives in Tainan, is coming back. （湯尼的姊姊要回來了，她目前住在台南。） 說明：湯尼的姊姊只有一位，她住在台南僅作補述之用 |
補充：關係子句與分詞片語的替換（主動用現在分詞；被動用過去分詞）
例句：I know the man who is standing over there. = I know the man standing over there.
例句：I know the man who was bitten by my dog. = I know the man bitten by my dog.
資料來自康軒文教
所有格關代顧名思義就是與兩個句子間的關係是所有格關係，也就是誰的~
例: My father has a car. The color of the car are red.
這兩句中間的關係就是車子，而前面那句與後面那句的車子有著所有關係
因此便可使用關代所有格 My father has a car whose color are red.
演變過程為 My father has a car the color of which are red.
My father has a car of which the color are red.
My father has a car whose color are red.
例2: Tom likes the girl whose hair is long and straight. ( Tom 喜歡的女孩的頭髮是又直又長)
I want to buy the book whose cover is a May day. (我想要買那本封面是五月天的書)
所有格關代後緊接一個名詞，後接動詞
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語言學習 (8)
1.I know a man ___ bought the house. 答案是否誤值為C:which，應該是 A:who,才對是嗎?
還有，第3個題目
3.God helps those ___ help themselves. 答案是B:who, 但為什麼不能是A:that 呢?
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