一、 + 單數動詞 (不定詞、動名詞與名詞子句視為一件事)
1. To study hard is difficult for Judy. 努力讀書對Judy來說很困難。
2. Playing baseball is fun for Tony.對Tony來說打棒球是有趣的。
3. How to play the guitar well is a big question to someone.
對某些人來說如何把吉他彈好是一件大問題。
To VR 不定詞&V-ing 動名詞文法(2018.10.12更新)
二、時/距離/重量/價值 + 單數動詞
1 Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是一段很長的時間。
2 Ninety thousand dollars is a large sum of money. 9萬元是一大筆錢。
3 80 kilograms is heavy. 80公斤很重。
4 300 kilometers is a long distance. 300公里是很長的距離。
三、
|
Each Every No Many a |
N (單) and N(單) |
單數動詞 |
Every boy and girl was allowed to enter the church
每位男女孩都被允許進入教堂。
- Many a doctor and nurse save wants to save people’s lives.
醫師與護士想要拯救人們的生命。
四、不定詞 something, everything, nothing, anything, somebody, everybody,
nobody, anyone, everyone, someone, no one 屬單數 N
Everyone in this house has a hat. 房間裡的每個人有一頂帽子。
單數主詞 Everyone 需要單數動詞 has。
不定代名詞 all, some 可為複數或單數，依照其所代替的名詞為單數或複數
none 則可使用單數或複數。
Some of water has been polluted. 有些水已經被汙染了。
Some 指水為不可數名詞。所以要用單數動詞 has。
Some of the students are going to buy the presents for their teachers.
有些學生即將買禮物給他們的老師
Some 指 students, 為可數複數名詞。所以要用複數動詞 are。
集合N the police, people, cattle, poultry, deer, etc. 屬複數 N
The + adj. è 複數 N
the blind (盲人),the poor (窮人),the rich (富人),the sick (病人),the young (年輕人),the elderly (老年人),the disabled (殘障的人),the unemployed (失業的人),the gifted (資優兒童),the disadvantaged (弱勢的人)
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，貧者愈貧
(N) and (N) + 單數動詞 à 指同一人物 (butter and bread: 奶油麵包)
(N) and (N) + 複數動詞 à 指不同一人物 (butter and bread 奶油和麵包)
A (N and N) + 單數動詞 à a poet and novelist 一位詩人兼小說家
A (N) and a (N) + 複數動詞à a poet and a novelist一位詩人和一位小說家
And 連接兩個名詞(片語)或名詞子句作主詞時:
1.若指相同的人、事物或觀念時，使用單數名詞
Bread and butter was all he asked for.
2.若指不同的人、事物或觀念時，要用複數名詞
Tom and Mary are ready for the show.
五、有些N具有單數及複數兩種性質
- family 家人(複); 家庭 (單數)
- audience (複:全體觀眾; 單: 個別的觀眾)
- class (複: 全班學生; 單: 班級)
- committee (複: 全體委員; 單: 委員會)
|
Half The rest The majority Plenty Percent |
of the /所有格 |
N + 單數V Ns + 複數V |
六、
1.95% of the apples are rotten. 百分之95的蘋果都爛掉了。
2.The majority the apples are rotten. 大多數的蘋果都爛掉了。
3.Half of the apple is rotten. 一半的蘋果都爛掉了。
七、 A number of + Ns + 複數V
The number of Ns + 單數V
The group of students is going to Taipei tomorrow.那一組學生明天將去台北。
這裡句子的主詞是 group (不是 students) 所以要用單數動詞 is這裡 group 是個集合名詞，如果該集合名詞是當整體看，用單數動詞。如果該集合名詞是意指一群個體，用複數動詞。
比較上句 "The group of" 與下句 "A group of"
A group of students are going to be doctors. 一群學生想成為醫生。
這裡"A group of"是個限定詞，"A group of students"是個名詞片語，作為句子的主詞；因為是複數，所以要用複數動詞 are。
八、主詞若含有 or, nor, either ~ or, neither ~ nor, not only ~ but (also) 的時候，動詞要和比較接近動詞的主詞一致。
Are you or your brother in the library? 你或是你的哥哥在圖書館?
主詞you 比單數名詞your brother 較接近動詞， 故用動詞 are。
You or I am mistaken.
Neither you, nor I , nor anyone else knows the answer.
不是你也不是我也沒有其他人知道答案
九、兩個主詞用 with, but, like, together with, no less than, as well as, in addition to
等連接時動詞要和第一個主詞一致。
You as well as he are to blame for the accident.你和他應該因這場意外被指責。
She, not you, is to blame. 她,而不是你該被指責
Or 用於否定與疑問句
Don’t eat or drink. 不要吃與喝
Is she tall or short? 她是高的或矮的?
Or 否則 用於祈使句
Get up early, or you will be late for school.
早起否則你將上學遲到。
can't but VR /have no choice but to VR 無法選擇，不得不的用法
not so much...as... 與其說是……倒不如說是……
No matter what/how/which/who/where/when
lead to / result in / bring about / cause /give rise to/ contribute to/ conduce to 用法
other than/besides/except/except for/aside from/apart from文法使用方式
雙重否定句 not,never,no without/butVR
assist/consist/resist/persist/insist/Persevere 用法
lest/for fear of /for fear that /in case of /in case/ in the case of 文法
There is no denying that or what how when 名詞子句
not to mention/not much of a 使用方法
nothing but/ anything but/ everything but 用法
As soon as /Once/ On+ v-ing/ Hardly when 一~就~文法
表雖然although /Much as/ Despite /In spite of 句型
as such/ as with/ as for /as of/as to
rise arise raise arouse 使用方式 notes
英文worth worthy worthwhile用法 notes
複合關係代名詞what 關係副詞 when where 分詞片語ving&p.p.
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