現在完成式:1.表示過去某時間到目前為止的經驗(有無經驗皆可) 2.指過去到目前為止某動作已完成或未完成
基本句型: have/has +p.p. (過去分詞) →have/has 依人稱做變化，have/has 為助動詞
肯定句: S+ have/has +p.p. Mary has washed the dishes. (Mary 已經洗了碗盤)
否定句: S+ have/has +not +p.p. They haven't done their homework. (他們還沒寫作業)
疑問句: Have/Has +S +p.p. ..? Have you cut the apple? (你蘋果切好了沒?) ※cut 為三態同型
答句:
肯定簡答: Yes, I have. 否定簡答: No, I haven't.
Wh-疑問句:
Where have you been these days? (這幾天你一直在哪裡?)
答句:依事實回答 I have been in London for a week. (我在倫敦一週)
表示「已經完成」或「尚未完成」的動作，使用下列副詞
| 副詞 | 使用時機 | 位置 | 例句 |
| already 已經 | 肯定句 | 助動詞之後，p.p之前，或句尾 |
I have already written a letter to my grandmother. I have written a letter to my grandmother already. (我已經寫信給我奶奶了) |
| just 剛剛 | 肯定句 | 助動詞與p.p.之間 | Mike has just eaten his breakfast. (Mike 剛剛吃完了他的早餐) |
| yet 尚未 | 疑問句或否定句 | have/has之後，p.p.之前 |
Kate hasn't read the book yet. (Kate 還沒讀過那本書) Have they taken the garbage out yet? (他們垃圾拿去丟了沒?) |
表示「曾經有過」或「尚未有過」的經驗
| 副詞 | 使用時機 |
位置 |
例句 |
| never 從不;從未 | 直述句(不可用於否定句，本身為否定意味 | 助動之後，p.p.之前 | I have never made a card for my teacher. (我從來沒有製作卡片給我老師) |
| ever 曾經 | 疑問句 | 助動之後，p.p.之前 |
Has Cindy ever heard of ''pokemon go'' ?(Cindy 有聽說過寶可夢嗎? |
| once 一次 wice 二次 theree times 三次 ... | 直述句 | 句尾 |
I have been to Taipei twice. (我曾經去過台北兩次) |
so far 目前為止 直述句 句尾 I have seen you twice so far.
※
have/has +been to +地方 → 表示經驗，「曾經去過某地方，現在不在那裡」
Ex. I have been to Japan. (人現在不在日本，表示去過日本)
have/has +gone to +地方 → 表示動作的完成，「已經去了」
Ex. She has gone to Japan. (人現在在日本，已經去了) 本文法主詞限為第三人稱
have/has +been in+地方 → 表示一直待在某地
Ex. They have been in Japan. (人一直待在日本)
使用How long 與 How many times 來詢問某人做某件事的經驗
How long →用來詢問動作的「時間長度」→多久
How long have you lived in Taipei ? (你居住在台北多久了?)
I have lived in Taipei for five years.(我居住在台北已經五年了)
I have lived in Taipei since I was ten. (我居住在台北自從我10歲)
How many times → 用來詢問該動作的「經驗次數」→多少次
How many times have you been to Japan? (你已經去過日本幾次了?)
I have been to Japan five times. (我幾經去日本五次了)
★表示從以前持續到現在的動作，常用for或since 表示時間的長短
for+一段時間
since +完整句子(過去式) I was a student.
過去式時間點(動作發生的起始時間) last year /yesterday
年代 2015
( )1.Fiona is an American, but has lived in Canada ______ ten years. (A) in(B) since(C) for(D) before C
( )2.A: Have you ______ been to a soccer game? B: No. But I would like to go next month. B
(A) just(B) ever(C) yet(D) then
( )3.I don’t want to see that show again because I ______ it twice. C
(A) sees (B) will see(C) have seen (D) has seen
( )4.A: I haven’t seen Paul ______ last Saturday. Where’s he? B: I have no idea. D
(A) before(B) for(C) already(D) since
( )5.Jack and I have known each other ______ twenty years. We are old friends. B
(A) in(B) for(C) since(D) ago
( )6.Ian ______ to Japan before. He loves the food there. D
(A) have gone(B) have been(C) has gone(D) has been
( )7.Mr. Wang has taught in our school ______. A
(A) for ten years(B) in 2008(C) in two years(D) three years ago
( )8.Victor ______ to London many times and now he is there for business. D
(A) goes(B) is going (C) went (D) has been
( )9.Mary ______ in Taipei for ten years. C
(A) is lived(B) has living (C) has lived (D) has been lived
( )10.Laura ______ been to New York ______. B
(A) have; once(B) has; once(C) have; before(D) has; never
( )11.A: ______ Danny seen a motorcycle race before? B: No, he ______. A
(A) Has; hasn’t(B) Have; haven’t(C) Did; didn’t (D) Does; doesn’t
( ) 12 .Alex: Why are you still here? It’s already eight o’clock. C
Tom: Because I my work. Don’t worry. It’s almost done.
(A) wasn’t finishing(B) wouldn’t finish(C) haven’t finished(D) won’t finish
( )13.I ______ the book yet. Please don’t take it away. D
(A) wasn’t reading (B) won’t read (C) don’t read (D) haven’t read
( ) 14. Helen is hungry. She eaten anything since last night. C
(A) doesn’t(B) didn’t (C) hasn’t(D) won’t
( )15..A: Would you like a cup of coffee? A
B: No, thanks. I ______ three cups so far. I can’t drink any more.
(A) have drunk(B) drink (C) drank (D) am drinking
( )16.A: Robert ______. We need to hurry up. C
B: No problem. I’ll be ready very soon.
(A) have arrived(B) arrive (C) has arrived (D) was arriving
( )17.Flora and Bob ______ yet. Where are they? B
(A) come home(B) haven’t come home
(C) came home (D) hasn’t come home
( )18.I don’t want to see this movie, because I have ______ it several times. C
(A) watch(B) watching(C) watched(D) to watch
( )19.A: Have you ______ your dinner? B: Yes, we ______. A
(A) had; have(B) had; had(C) have; have(D) have; had
( )20.Phoebe ______ some cakes. Let’s have some. They’re delicious. C
(A) baking(B) bake(C) have baked(D) has baked
( C ) 21. Have you your own house? C
(A) build(B) builds(C) built(D) building
( ) 22.Many of my classmates have had the experience of taking an airplane, but I D
(A) don’t (B) wasn’t (C) won’t (D) haven’t
( ) 23.Ryan: Would you like to play tennis with me? C
Dara: No, thanks. it for three hours already. I’m tired now.【94-2-16】
(A) I play(B) I’m playing(C) I’ve played(D) I’ll play
( ) 24.Tina is getting married to a man she has known only a month.【94-1-10】 A
(A) for(B) in(C) on(D) since
連綴動詞 become/turn/ get/ come/fall/go/grow
頻率副詞的用法 always usually often sometimes seldom never
天氣詢問法 What's the weather like? How's the weather?
very , much , very much , only 副詞的用法
數量詞的用法many much a few a little some any
複合關係代名詞what 關係副詞 when where 分詞片語ving&p.p.
雙字片語可分式片語與不可分式片語總整理(2017.3.15更新)
rise arise raise arouse 使用方式 notes
It is/was 被強調部分+ that 子句 強調句文法
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