that ….not + V
否定字 +… but …..+ V 沒有…不…
(not,never,no) without + O.
A. without的用法：
(1) N + without + N（沒有……的……）：作形容詞片語，修飾前面的名詞。
• I like to drink coffee without sugar. (我喜歡喝不加糖的咖啡)
(2) S + V... + without + N/V-ing（沒有……就……）：作副詞片語，修飾前面
的動詞。
• In spite of the cold weather, he went out without his overcoat.
(儘管天氣寒冷，他出門沒有帶外套)
• Some students go to school without having breakfast.
(有些學生去學校上課沒有吃早餐)
(3) Without + N, S + V-ed... → S + V-ed...without + N（若無／要是沒有，……）：
配合假設句（動詞用過去式）。
• Without air, water, and sunlight, everything couldn’t live on earth.
(沒有水、空氣、陽光，萬物無法在地球上生存)
B. 雙重否定的用法：
no/not/never...without + N/V-ing（每……必……／無……不……）：雙重否定
是強調肯定句的美化句型。without + N表「狀態」；without + V-ing則強調「動
作」。
I couldn’t live till today without my grandmother.
(沒有我祖母我無法活到今天)
One can’t succeed without perseverance.（人無毅力不能成事。）
Tony never writes an English composition without making many mistakes.（東尼
每次寫英文作文必定犯許多錯。）
雙重否定句型亦可用關係子句的形式，應注意先行詞的單複數要與關係子句中動詞的單複數配合。
(1) but為否定關係代名詞，故接肯定動詞；who為肯定關係代名詞，故接否定
動詞。
• There is no mother but loves her children.
→ There is no mother who doesn’t love her children.
【who代替mother故搭配loves，又皆否定於是doesn’t love】
→ There is no mother doesn’t love her children. (×)【常犯錯誤】
（天下無不愛子女的母親。）
• There is no one but has his weak side.
→ There is no one without his weak side.
→ There is no one hasn’t his weak side.(×)【常犯錯誤】
（沒有人沒有缺點／人人都有缺點。）
(2) but之後保留主詞為舊式寫法。
• It never rains but it pours.（複句）
→ It never rains without pouring.（單句）
（禍不單行／不雨則已，雨必滂沱。）
• I never spend a day but I miss you.
→ I never spend a day without missing you.
（我沒有一天不想你。）
There is no N. but V. 沒有不...的
• There is no pleasure without pain.
→ No pleasure without pain.（省略There is）（有樂必有苦。）
• There is no gain without pain.
→ No gain without pain.（省略There is）
→ No pain, no gain.（不勞則無穫。）
No sweet without sweat. (不經一番寒徹骨，焉得梅花撲鼻香。)
No smoke without fire. (無風不起浪。)
other than/besides/except/except for/aside from/apart from文法使用方式
雙重否定句 not,never,no without/butVR
assist/consist/resist/persist/insist/Persevere 用法
lest/for fear of /for fear that /in case of /in case/ in the case of 文法
There is no denying that or what how when 名詞子句
lest/for fear of /for fear that /in case of /in case/ in the case of 文法
assist/consist/resist/persist/insist/Persevere 用法
偷東西thief robber burglar looter shoplifter mugger steal pickpocket 的差別
not to mention/not much of a 使用方法
nothing but/ anything but/ everything but 用法
As soon as /Once/ On+ v-ing/ Hardly when 一~就~文法
表雖然although /Much as/ Despite /In spite of 句型
rise arise raise arouse 使用方式 notes
It is/was 被強調部分+ that 子句 強調句文法
英文worth worthy worthwhile用法 notes
as such/ as with/ as for /as of/as to
複合關係代名詞what 關係副詞 when where 分詞片語ving&p.p.
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