But that 假設語氣
But that 是從屬連接詞,意為「要不是」或「若非」,引出副詞子句。若為現在事實用現在式,後接表相反於現在的主要子句;若為過去事實則用過去式,後接表相反於過去的主要子句。
|
事實(時態) |
假設(語氣) |
與現在事實相反 |
現在式 |
過去式 |
與過去事實相反 |
過去式 |
過去完成式 |
與現在事實相反假設語氣
But that S V, S+should (would, could, might)+V…
=But for the fact that S V, S+should (would, could, might)+V…
=But for N, S+should (would, could, might)+V…
=Without N, S+should (would, could, might)+V…
=If it were not for N, S+should (would, could, might)+V…
=Were it not for N, S+should (would, could, might)+V…
If it were not for global warming, we wouldn’t suffer so many disasters.
(若不是地球暖化,我們就不會招受許多災難)
事實是→現在地球暖化,我們招受許多災難。
與過去事實相反假設語氣
But that S V-ed, S+should (would, could, might)+have V-en…
=But for the fact that S V-ed, S+should (would, could, might)+have V-en…
=But for N, S+should (would, could, might)+have V-en…
=Without N, S+should (would, could, might)+have V-en…
=If it had not been for N, S+should (would, could, might)+have V-en…
=Had it not been for N, S+should (would, could, might)+have V-en…
But for your help, I wouldn’t have been able to finish my work on time.
Without your help, I wouldn’t have been able to finish my work on time.
(若不是你的幫忙,我無法準時完成我的工作。)→有你的幫忙,工作已經完成
If you had ridden motorcycle carefully, you wouldn’t have had the car accident.
(要是你小心地騎車,你就不會發生車禍)事實是→你沒有小心騎車,你已經發生車禍。
句中有與現在事實相反及過去事實相反同時出現的句子
If it had not been for the natural disaster , I could be swimming or fishing in the mountains brooks now. (要不是天災發生,我現在就能在山中小溪裡游泳或釣魚)
事實是→天災已經發生,現在沒有在山中玩。
→此句為從屬子句與過去事實相反,主要子句與現在事實先反的句子。
How I wish (that) natural disaster would never happen again, so that people could live a happy and peaceful life.
(我多麼希望天災不再發生,以至於人們可以過快樂與平靜的生活)
→希望的事情與現在事實相反,人們也無法過快樂與平靜的生活,兩句皆為與現在式時先反。
總結:句子沒有一定要使用過去式+過去完成式,或現在式+過去式的句型,需看說話者所說出的話,與現在或過去先反,而做時態變化。
現在事件→過去式 If I were you→我現在不是你,因此與現在事實相反,使用過去式Be動詞,were 為假設語氣中固定用法,不分人稱。
過去事件→過去完成式 I would have helped Mary.→我過去沒有幫助Mary,與過去事實相反。
If I were you, I would have helped Mary.
與現在事實相反假設語氣
If only+主詞+過去式意謂「但願,真希望,要是…就好了」。
If only I had another choice.(要是我有其他選擇就好了。)
If only I were rich.(要是我有錢就好了。)
與未來事實相反假設語氣
If only+主詞+would+原形動詞
If only I would take a trip to Japan.(要是我能去日本旅遊就好了。)
與過去事實相反 意謂「要是…該有多好,要是…就好了」
If only+主詞+過去完成式
If only I had helped the elder.(要是我能幫助那位老人就好了。)
It is (high/about) time (that) + S + 假設語氣V… (該是做 ~ 事的時候了)
對現在提出虛擬—例:It's time that you had a haircut. (你該理髮了。)
該是同學為即將到來的考試認真讀書的時候了。
It is high time that the students studied hard for the coming exam.
國中文法: 該….是做什麼的時候了
It’s time for N.
=It’s time for sb. to VR.
It’s time for bed.
=It’s time to go to bed.
=It’s time for you to go to bed.
if假設語氣文法練習題
( )1.He promises to go with them tonight if ________ . (A) the weather clears up (B) the weather would clear up (C) he didn't have to work (D) he will have no class
( )2. If blood _______ from the stomach right after a meal, digestion of food will be hampered. (A) has been transferred (B) were transferred (C) will be transferred (D)is transferred
( )3. If the issues are addressed, then we____summon the party organs to change our position.(A) had to (B) have to (C) will have to (D) should have to
( )4. ______, you will find that people respect you more.(A) If you did learn to keep your mouth shut(B) If you can to learn to keep your mouth shut(C) If you learn to keep your mouth shut(D) If you might learn to keep your mouth shut
Ans: ADCC
( )5. If I had more money, I ______designer stuff, but it's too expensive.(A) will buy (B) would buy (C) had bought (D) would have bought
( )6.________ been diverted, they would have arrived early.(A) Had the plane not (B) Hasn't the plane(C) The plane had not (D) The plane not had
( )7. All of the candy by the little boy if his mother hadn't stopped him.
(A) would be eaten (B) will be eaten (C) is eaten (D) would have been eaten
( )8.The weather has been nice all week; it is high time _______.
(A) of going on a hike (B) to have gone on a hike
(C) we went on a hike (D) we will go on a hike
( )9.What if that camera_______a computer database with Atta's picture in it? [特三103]
(A) being linked to (B) has been linked to
(C) had been linked to (D) was linked to
( )10.If I had had enough money last year, I ______to visit Morocco, Libya, and Egypt.[特三99]
(A) will (B) would (C) would have gone (D) would have been
( ) 11. If it ________for the kind old lady, the boy would have starved to death.
(A) were not (B) had not been (C) had not being (D) has not been
( )12.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______
a sudden loud noise.(A) being there (B) should there be (C) there was (D) there having been
( ) 13. I _______ great now if I had studied hard several hours ago.(A)feel (B) am feeling (C) would feel (D) will be feeling
( )14.The ground ______wet now, if it hadn't rained last night.(A) weren't (B) wouldn't have been(C) wouldn't be (D) won't be
( )15. I wish I _______ , but I'm sorry that I can't.(A) could help (B) could have helped(C) might help (D) were help
Ans:Ans: 1.A 2. D3. C4. C 5.B
6.A( If the plane had not been) 7.D 8.C
9.C (「What if 句型」表示「如果…(會怎麼樣?);要是…(你覺得如何?)」假設語氣用於過去並未發生的事件時,動詞時態須使用過去完成式。)
10.C 11. B 12. B 13.C 14.C 15.A( I were able to help)
- 倒裝句文法總整理
- Here倒裝句文法
- 「動詞+sb+of sth」英文句型 accuse 人of 事
- All you can do is VR 你能做的只有…文法句型
- suggest that + S + (should) + VR 建議某人應該做某事
- cannot be too adj.再…也不為過文法
- not to mention/not much of a 使用方法
- 雙重否定句 not,never,no without/butVR
- be likely to V 可能…… 文法
- unless if not 用法
- 英語表達連接、轉折、舉例、總結的用語
- 表述心得想法意見英文怎麼說
- 簡言之To sum up 英文作文結語用法
- 名詞單複數意思不同與特殊複數形單字
- 主詞單複數怎麼判斷
- 動名詞與不定詞的被動
- Sb. be impressed with Sth 對…有印象
- A substitute for B A取代B文法句型
- be responsible for sth. 對…負責
- ASAP as soon as possible 盡可能
- go on vs. continue文法
- in order to 為了…目的
- no more …than…和…一樣都不…
- nothing but/ anything but/ everything but 用法
- that 同位語
- It 作虛主詞的常見句型
- It is/was 被強調部分+ that 子句 強調句文法
- It happens that S+V 碰巧
- It is taken for granted that S+V …是理所當然的文法
- It is no use Ving 做…沒有用
- not so much…as… 與其說是…倒不如說是…
- A along with B 使用方式
- prefer to VR rather than VR 是…而不是… 文法
- not A but B 不是…而是…
- As S+V, so S+V如同...一般,亦是如此
- 視A為B 片語
- A由B組成
- 的確…,但是…文法 indeed…,but…
- instead of vs. instead 而不是 vs. 反而
- can’t but VR /have no choice but to VR 無法選擇,不得不的用法
- 比較less than, not less than, no less than, no less… than, not than..用法之不同
- as such/ as with/ as for /as of/as to
- apply to apply for apply 使用法
- worth worthy worthwhile文法
- rise arise raise arouse 文法比較
- Be known for be known as be known to 文法
- fill與stuff 的使用差異
- 怎麼區分used to VR be used to V-ing be used to be used for
- lead to / result in / bring about 導致引起造成文法
- lest/for fear of /for fear that /in case of /in case/ in the case of 文法
- except besides 除了~之外文法
- 英文分數(幾分之幾)怎麼寫
- 倒裝句文法總整理
- Here倒裝句文法
- 「動詞+sb+of sth」英文句型 accuse 人of 事
- All you can do is VR 你能做的只有…文法句型
- suggest that + S + (should) + VR 建議某人應該做某事
- cannot be too adj.再…也不為過文法
- not to mention/not much of a 使用方法
- 雙重否定句 not,never,no without/butVR
- be likely to V 可能…… 文法
- unless if not 用法
- 英語表達連接、轉折、舉例、總結的用語
- 表述心得想法意見英文怎麼說
- 簡言之To sum up 英文作文結語用法
- 複合形容詞 (2)
- 抽象名詞片語
- 助動詞總整理3
- 助動詞總整理 part 2
- 助動詞總整理 part 1
- have difficulty ving 有困難...文法
- 中英文詞性比一比
- 副詞的用法 程度副詞 情狀副詞 頻率副詞
- with regarding to 與in regard to及regarding用法
- 英文詞性 介係詞 副詞 形容詞怎麼分
- 英文動詞的種類 及物動詞 不及物動詞
- with+O+OC(ving/p.p.)表某狀態文法
- recommend 用法
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