1. But that 是從屬連接詞，意為「要不是」或「若非」，引出副詞子句。若為現在事實用現在式，後接表相反於現在的主要子句；若為過去事實則用過去式，後接表相反於過去的主要子句。
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事實(時態) |
假設(語氣) |
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與現在事實相反 |
現在式 |
過去式 |
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與過去事實相反 |
過去式 |
過去完成式 |
2. 與現在事實相反
But that S V, S＋should (would, could, might)＋V…
＝But for the fact that S V, S＋should (would, could, might)＋V…
＝But for N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋V…
＝Without N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋V…
＝If it were not for N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋V…
＝Were it not for N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋V…
If it were not for global warming, we wouldn’t suffer so many disaters.
(若不是地球暖化，我們就不會招受許多災難)
事實是→現在地球暖化，我們招受許多災難
3. 與過去事實相反
But that S V-ed, S＋should (would, could, might)＋have V-en…
＝But for the fact that S V-ed, S＋should (would, could, might)＋have V-en…
＝But for N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋have V-en…
＝Without N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋have V-en…
＝If it had not been for N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋have V-en…
＝Had it not been for N, S＋should (would, could, might)＋have V-en…
But for your help, I wouldn’t have have been able to finish my work on time.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have have been able to finish my work on time.
(若不是你的幫忙，我無法準時完成我的工作。)
→有你的幫忙，工作已經完成
If you had ridden motorcycle carefully, you wouldn’t have had the car accident.
(要是你小心地騎車，你就不會發生車禍)
事實是→你沒有小心騎車，你已經發生車禍。
句中有與現在事實相反及過去事實相反同時出現的句子
If it had not been for the natural disaster , I could be swimming or fishing in the mountains brooks now. (要不是天災發生，我現在就能在山中小溪裡游泳或釣魚)
事實是→天災已經發生，現在沒有在山中玩。
→此句為從屬子句與過去事實相反，主要子句主現在事實先反的句子。
How I wish (that) natrual diaster would never happen again, so that people could live a happy and peaceful life.
(我多麼希望天災不再發生，以至於人們可以過快樂與平靜的生活)
→希望的事情與現在事實相反，人們也無法過快樂與平靜的生活，兩句皆為與現在式時先反。
總結:句子沒有一定要使用過去式+過去完成式，或現在式+過去式的句型，需看說話者所說出的話，與現在或過去先反，而做時態變化。
只要事件非事實，時態皆要往後退一個時態。
現在事件→過去式 If I were you→我現在不是你，因此與現在事實相反，使用過去式Be動詞，were 為假設語氣中固定用法，不分人稱。
過去事件→過去完成式 I would have helped Mary.→我過去沒有幫助Mary，與過去事實相反。
If I were you, I would have helped Mary.
與現在事實相反
If only+主詞+過去式 意謂「但願，真希望，要是…就好了」。
If only I had another choice.(要是我有其他選擇就好了。)
If only I were rich.(要是我有錢就好了。)
與未來事實相反
If only+主詞+would+原形動詞
If only I would take a trip to Japan.(要是我能去日本旅遊就好了。)
與過去事實相反 意謂「要是…該有多好，要是…就好了」
If only+主詞+過去完成式
If only I had helpd the elder.(要是我能幫助那位老人就好了。)
It is (high/about) time (that) + S + 假設語氣V… （該是做 ~ 事的時候了）
對現在提出虛擬—例：It's time that you had a haircut. （你該理髮了。）
該是同學為即將到來的考試認真讀書的時候了。
It is high time that the students studied hard for the coming exam.
國中文法: 該….是做什麼的時候了
It’s time for N.
=It’s time for sb. to VR.
It’s time for bed.
=It’s time to go to bed.
=It’s time for you to go to bed.
can't but VR /have no choice but to VR 無法選擇，不得不的用法
not so much...as... 與其說是……倒不如說是……
No matter what/how/which/who/where/when
lead to / result in / bring about / cause /give rise to/ contribute to/ conduce to 用法
other than/besides/except/except for/aside from/apart from文法使用方式
assist/consist/resist/persist/insist/Persevere 用法
lest/for fear of /for fear that /in case of /in case/ in the case of 文法
There is no denying that or what how when 名詞子句
not to mention/not much of a 使用方法
nothing but/ anything but/ everything but 用法
As soon as /Once/ On+ v-ing/ Hardly when 一~就~文法
表雖然although /Much as/ Despite /In spite of 句型
as such/ as with/ as for /as of/as to
rise arise raise arouse 使用方式 notes
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